Situation Report: Putao and Surrounding Areas (January 2025)

#### **Overview of Current Situation**

Putao, located in Myanmar’s northernmost Kachin State, is experiencing heightened instability due to renewed fighting between the Kachin Independence Army (KIA) and the Myanmar military (Tatmadaw). While the town itself remains under government control, the situation in nearby regions—particularly in Khaunglanhpu (approximately 50-60 miles from Putao) and Sumprabum (about 86 miles from Putao)—has deteriorated significantly, posing risks for residents, travelers, and foreign workers, including teachers.

#### **Recent Developments**

1. **Renewed Offensive by KIA**:

– In December 2024, the KIA captured a key outpost in Khaunglanhpu Township, resuming offensive operations in the Putao District after a pause since May 2024.

– Sumprabum, another strategically important town in the region, has been under KIA control since May 2024.

– These actions reflect the KIA’s broader strategy to disrupt junta supply lines and solidify control over northern Kachin State.

2. **Myitkyina-Putao Route**:

– The road from Myitkyina (Kachin’s capital) to Putao is approximately 330 km long and remains vital for the region’s connectivity. However, frequent clashes along this route and at checkpoints have severely disrupted travel and trade.

– The KIA has taken control of multiple military outposts along this road, further isolating Putao and contributing to fuel and food shortages.

3. **Economic and Humanitarian Impact**:

– Fuel prices in Putao District have skyrocketed, and shortages have paralyzed agricultural activities.

– Rising food and fuel prices have strained local communities, with many relying on black markets for essential goods.

#### **Security Risks**

1. **KIA Activities Near Putao**:

– The proximity of Khaunglanhpu and Sumprabum to Putao raises concerns about potential spillover effects.

– KIA control over nearby territories could lead to logistical challenges for the junta and increase the likelihood of attacks closer to Putao.

2. **Threat to Putao Airport**:

– Putao Airport is the town’s lifeline for supplies and personnel. In May 2021, the KIA attacked the airport, highlighting its strategic importance. Given the current intensity of clashes, a similar scenario cannot be ruled out.

3. **Travel Challenges**:

– Road travel to Putao is highly risky, with frequent checkpoints, conscription of young travelers by the Tatmadaw, and the possibility of clashes along the way. Foreigners are particularly vulnerable to becoming stranded if the airport is targeted.

4. **Tatmadaw Deployment**:

– The junta’s military presence in Putao is bolstered by Infantry Battalion 46 (IB-46). However, as seen in other regions (e.g., Myawaddy), the Tatmadaw often struggles to hold territories without relying on local militias, raising questions about their capacity to defend Putao.

#### **Access to Putao**

1. **By Air**:

– Air travel is currently the only feasible way to reach Putao. However, flight operations are contingent on the security of Putao Airport, which remains a potential target in the ongoing conflict.

2. **By Road**:

– Traveling by road from Myitkyina to Putao is highly discouraged due to frequent checkpoints, risk of conscription, and active conflict along the route. Toll charges and bribes further complicate the journey.

#### **Recommendations for Foreign Workers**

1. **Risk Assessment**:

– Evaluate the necessity of travel to Putao given the volatile situation. Ensure contingency plans are in place for evacuation if the security situation worsens.

2. **Secure Communications**:

– Maintain regular communication with local contacts, international organizations, and your embassy. Ensure access to reliable information about road and air travel.

3. **Avoid Ground Travel**:

– Under no circumstances should ground travel to or from Putao be attempted without a thorough risk assessment and local guidance.

4. **Monitor Developments**:

– Stay informed about KIA activities and potential threats to Putao Airport. Monitor local and international news, as well as updates from trusted organizations operating in the region.

#### **Conclusion**

While Putao itself has not yet been directly affected by the current wave of fighting, its proximity to active conflict zones such as Khaunglanhpu and Sumprabum, as well as the precarious security of its airport, makes the situation highly unpredictable. Foreign nationals considering working or traveling in Putao must weigh the risks carefully and remain prepared for sudden changes in the security environment.